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Protoplanets accreting matter seem to feature a strong emission at$\text{H}\alpha$ wavelength and the contrast of the system is then weaker atthese wavelengths and thus more accessible. Measuring this emission from aprotoplanet allow to characterize the accretion processes hence to study themechanisms of planetary formation. The Fibered Interferometer foR a SingleTelescope (FIRST) instrument uses the concept of fibered pupil remapping in thevisible, integrated on the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics(SCExAO) telescope. Its principle is to sub-divide the entrance pupil intosub-pupils whose beams are injected into single mode optical fibers. Thelattest have the double advantage of applying a spatial filtering on thewavefront thus suppressing the optical aberrations at the scale of thesub-pupils, at the same time as the remapping of the sub-pupils. FIRST hasdemonstrated that it can detect stellar binaries at a resolution below thediffraction limit of the telescope with this concept. The replica of a newversion of this instrument (FIRSTv2) has been built in laboratory to allow thedevelopment of the integrated optics technology. My thesis work demonstratesits feasibility for HRA imaging, in order to improve the contrast performancesof the instrument. The fringes of each pair-wise combination of sub-pupils aremeasured via a temporal sampling and their phase are estimated. Data analysisestimates the spectral differential phase, which is a self-calibratedobservable of the atmospheric and instrumental perturbations. Thus, from aprotoplanetary source simulator, I was able to demonstrate that FIRSTv2 coulddetect a protoplanetary companion at a separation equivalent to 0.7 l / B fromthe central source, with a contrast of about 0.5. Finally, FIRSTv2 wereintegrated on the SCExAO bench for its first light.

Caract\'erisation et int\'egration de composants d'optique int\'egr\'ee  sur l'interf\'erom\`etre fibr\'e FIRST au t\'elescope Subaru pour l'\'etude  des protoplan\`etes en accr\'etion