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Traditional photonuclear reactions primarily excite giant dipole resonances,making the measurement of isovector giant resonances with higher multipolartiesa great challenge. In this work, the manipulation of collective excitations ofdifferent multipole transitions in nuclei via vortex $\gamma$ photons has beeninvestigated. We develop the calculation method for photonuclear cross sectionsinduced by the vortex $\gamma$ photon beam using the fully self-consistentrandom-phase approximation plus particle-vibration coupling (RPA+PVC) modelbased on Skyrme density functional. We find that the electromagnetictransitions with multipolarity $J< m_\gamma$ are forbidden for vortex $\gamma$photons due to the angular momentum conservation, with $m_\gamma$ being theprojection of total angular momentum of $\gamma$ photon on its propagationdirection. For instance, this allows for probing the isovector giant quadrupoleresonance without interference from dipole transitions using vortex $\gamma$photons with $m_\gamma=2$. The electromagnetic transitions with $J>m_\gamma$are strongly suppressed compared with the plane-wave-$\gamma$-photon case, andeven vanish at specific polar angles. Therefore, the giant resonances withspecific multipolarity can be extracted via vortex $\gamma$ photons. Moreover,the vortex properties of $\gamma$ photons can be meticulously diagnosed bymeasuring the nuclear photon-absorption cross section. Our method opens newavenues for photonuclear excitations, generation of coherent $\gamma$ photonlaser and precise detection of vortex particles, and consequently, hassignificant impact on nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics and strong laserphysics.

Manipulation of Giant Multipole Resonances via Vortex $\gamma$ Photons