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Stabilization of grain structure is important for nanocrystalline alloys, andgrain boundary segregation is a common approach to restrict coarsening. Dopingcan alter grain boundary structure, with high temperature states such asamorphous complexions being particularly promising for stabilization. Dopantenrichment at grain boundaries may also result in precipitate formation, givingrise to dopant partitioning between these two types of features. The presentstudy elucidates the effect of dopant choice on the retention of amorphouscomplexions and the stabilization of grain size due to various forms ofinterfacial segregation in three binary nanocrystalline Al-rich systems, Al-Mg,Al-Ni, and Al-Y as investigated in detail using transmission electronmicroscopy. Amorphous complexions were retained in Al-Y even for very slowcooling conditions, suggesting that Y is the most efficient complexionstabilizer. Moreover, this system exhibited the highest number density ofnanorod precipitates, reinforcing a recently observed correlation betweenamorphous complexions and grain boundary precipitation events. The dopantconcentration at the grain boundaries in Al-Y is lower than in the other twosystems, although enrichment compared to the matrix is similar, while secondarysegregation to nanorod precipitate edges is much stronger in Al-Y than in Al-Mgand Al-Ni. Y is generally observed to be an efficient doping additive, as itstabilizes amorphous features and nanorod precipitates, and leaves very fewatoms trapped in the matrix. As a result, all grains in Al-Y remained nanosizedwhereas abnormal grain growth occurred in the Al-Mg and Al-Ni alloys. Thepresent study demonstrates nanocrystalline stability via simple alloyformulations and fewer dopant elements, which further encourage the usage ofbulk nanostructured materials.

Binary nanocrystalline alloys with strong glass forming interfacial regions: Complexion stability, segregation competition, and diffusion pathways