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Covert communications assisted by simultaneously transmitting and reflectingreconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) in non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) systems have been explored in this paper. In particular, the accesspoint (AP) transmitter adopts NOMA to serve a downlink covert user and a publicuser. The minimum detection error probability (DEP) at the warden is derivedconsidering the uncertainty of its background noise, which is used as acovertness constraint. We aim at maximizing the covert rate of the system byjointly optimizing APs transmit power and passive beamforming of STAR-RIS,under the covertness and quality of service (QoS) constraints. An iterativealgorithm is proposed to effectively solve the non-convex optimization problem.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms theconventional RIS-based scheme in ensuring system covert performance.

STAR-RIS Assisted Covert Communications in NOMA Systems