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The patterns observed on the body surface of living organisms havetraditionally been attributed solely to ecological strategies. However, thisstudy investigates a fascinating phenomenon in Pelodiscus sinensis, wherepatterns formed on the plastron during embryonic and juvenile stages, which arenot externally visible, ultimately disappear in adulthood. This explorationsuggests the existence of mechanisms beyond ecological purposes in theformation of body surface patterns in living organisms. While numerous studieshave examined pattern formation mechanisms, limited research has focused on thedispersion of preexisting patterns. This study aims to investigate the actualdispersion of patterns on the plastron of P.sinensis.Our research explores therole of osteoblasts expressing the enzyme cyp26b1, retinoic acid, andmelanoblasts/melanophores on the ventral part of the plastron. We propose ahypothesis based on a reaction-diffusion system with a time-dependent growingspatial domain. This mathematical framework suggests the occurrence of thedispersion phenomenon. Specifically, we focus on the dilution term within thesystem under the growing-domain condition. In the context of black-patternformation, we propose that variations in retinoic acid concentration,indirectly influenced by osteoblasts expressing the enzyme cyp26b1 during theembryonic/juvenile stage, contribute to the observed patterns. This hypothesisis grounded in the concept of prioritized osteogenesis and ossification duringthe embryonic/juvenile phase. This study expands our understanding of thespecies' survival strategy, highlighting the significance of bone biology andretinoic acid regulation. The findings have broader implications beyondP.sinensis, contributing to our knowledge of pattern formation and bonedevelopment in other organisms.

The Mechanism of Pattern Transitions between Formation and Dispersion