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Underwater sensor networks are anticipated to facilitate numerous commercialand military applications. Moreover, precise self-localization in practicalunderwater scenario is a crucial challenge in sensor networks because of thecomplexity of deploying sensor points in specific locations. The GlobalPositioning System (GPS) is inappropriate for underwater localization becausesaline water may severely attenuate signal, limiting penetration capacity tobarely a few meters. Hence, the most promising alternative to wireless radiowave transmissions for underwater networks is regarded as acousticcommunication. In order to establish an underwater localization model,traditional techniques that essentially include surface gateways orintermediate anchor nodes create logistical challenges and security hazardswhen the surface access points are deployed. This paper proposes a uniquelocalization method that employs optoacoustic signals to remotely localizeunderwater wireless sensor networks in order to address these concerns. In ourmodel, the GPS signals are transmitted from the air to the underwater nodethrough a mobile beacon that employs optoacoustic techniques to generate ashort-term isotropic acoustic signal source. Underwater nodes withomnidirectional receivers can detect their location in random and realisticenvironments by comparing signal levels from two equivalent plasmas, alsoreferred as acoustic source nodes. Finally, the software simulation results incomparison to the proposed theoretical model highlight the feasibility of ourapproach. In comparison to complicated traditional node localization approach,our simplified approach is anticipated to achieve better accuracy with only asingle off-water controlled node, while avoiding the additional requirement forsurface anchor nodes.

Optoacoustic Signal-Based Underwater Node Localization Technique: Overcoming GPS Limitations without AUV Requirements