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Ecologists have long investigated how demographic and movement parametersdetermine the spatial distribution and critical habitat size of a population.However, most models oversimplify movement behavior, neglecting how landscapeheterogeneity influences individual movement. We relax this assumption andintroduce a reaction-advection-diffusion equation that describes populationdynamics when individuals exhibit space-dependent movement bias towardpreferred regions. Our model incorporates two types of these preferred regions:a high-quality habitat patch, termed `habitat', which is included to modelavoidance of degraded habitats like deforested regions; and a preferredlocation, such as a chemoattractant source or a watering hole, that we allow tobe asymmetrically located with respect to habitat edges. In this scenario, thecritical habitat size depends on both the relative position of the preferredlocation and the movement bias intensities. When preferred locations are nearhabitat edges, the critical habitat size can decrease when diffusion increases,a phenomenon called the drift paradox. Also, ecological traps arise when thehabitat overcrowds due to excessive attractiveness or the preferred location isnear a low-quality region. Our results highlight the importance ofspecies-specific movement behavior and habitat preference as drivers ofpopulation dynamics in fragmented landscapes and, therefore, in the design ofprotected areas.

Movement bias in asymmetric landscapes and its impact on population distribution and critical habitat size