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Ecologists have long investigated how the demographic and movement parametersof a population determine its spatial spread and the critical habitat size thatcan sustain it. Yet, most existing models make oversimplifying assumptionsabout individual movement behavior, neglecting how landscape heterogeneityinfluences dispersal. We relax this assumption and introduce areaction-advection-diffusion model that describes the spatial densitydistribution of a population with space-dependent movement bias towardpreferred regions, including avoidance of degraded habitats. In this scenario,the critical habitat size depends on the spatial location of the habitat edgeswith respect to the preferred regions and on the intensity of the movement biascomponents. In particular, we identify parameter regions where the criticalhabitat size decreases when diffusion increases, a phenomenon known as the``drift paradox''. We also find that biased movement toward low-quality orhighly populated regions can reduce the population size, therefore creatingecological traps. Our results emphasize the importance of species-specificmovement behavior and habitat selection as drivers of population dynamics infragmented landscapes and, therefore, the need to account for them in thedesign of protected areas.

How movement bias to attractive regions determines population spread and critical habitat size