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A direct detection of black hole formation in neutron star mergers wouldprovide invaluable information about matter in neutron star cores and finitetemperature effects on the nuclear equation of state. We study black holeformation in neutron star mergers using a set of 196 numerical relativitysimulations consisting of long-lived and black hole-forming remnants. Thepostmerger gravitational-wave spectrum of a long-lived remnant has greatlyreduced power at a frequency $f$ greater than $f_{\rm peak}$, for $f \gtrsim4\,\rm kHz$, with $f_{\rm peak} \in [2.5, 4]\,\rm kHz$. On the other hand,black-hole-forming remnants exhibit excess power in the same large $f$ regionand manifest exponential damping in the time domain characteristic of aquasi-normal mode. We demonstrate that the gravitational-wave signal from acollapsed remnant is indeed a quasi-normal ringing. We report on theopportunity for direct detections of black hole formation with next-generationgravitational-wave detectors such as Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope andset forth the tantalizing prospect of such observations up to a distance of 100Mpc.

Prospects for Direct Detection of Black Hole Formation in Neutron Star Mergers with Next-Generation Gravitational-Wave Detectors