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In ranked-choice elections voters cast preference ballots which provide avoter's ranking of the candidates. The method of ranked-choice voting (RCV)chooses a winner by using voter preferences to simulate a series of runoffelections. Some jurisdictions which use RCV limit the number of candidates thatvoters can rank on the ballot, imposing what we term a truncation level, whichis the number of candidates that voters are allowed to rank. Given fixed voterpreferences, the winner of the election can change if we impose differenttruncation levels. We use a database of 1171 real-world ranked-choice electionsto empirically analyze the potential effects of imposing different truncationlevels in ranked-choice elections. Our general finding is that if thetruncation level is at least three then restricting the number of candidateswhich can be ranked on the ballot rarely affects the election winner.

An Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Ballot Truncation on Ranked-Choice Electoral Outcomes