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The Mott insulator and superfluid phase transition is one of the mostprominent phenomena in ultracold atoms. In this work, we report the observationof a novel 2D quantum phase transition between Mott insulator and $\pi$superfluid in a shaking optical lattice. In the deep optical lattice regime,the lowest $s$-band can be tuned to Mott phase, while the higher $p_{x,y}$bands are itinerant for having larger bandwidth. Through a shaking techniquecoupling the $s$ orbital to $p_{x,y}$ orbital states, we experimentally observethe transition between the states of the $s$ and $p_{x,y}$ bands, leading to aquantum phase transition from 2D $s$-orbital Mott phase to the$p_{x,y}$-orbital superfluid which condensed at $(\pi,\pi)$ momentum.

Observation of 2D Mott insulator and $\pi$-superfluid quantum phase transition in shaking optical lattice