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This paper proposes an energy-efficient scheme for multicell multiple-input,multiple-output (MIMO) simultaneous transmit and reflect (STAR) reconfigurableintelligent surfaces (RIS)-assisted broadcast channels by employing ratesplitting (RS) and improper Gaussian signaling (IGS). Regular RISs can onlyreflect signals. Thus, a regular RIS can assist only when the transmitter andreceiver are in the reflection space of the RIS. However, a STAR-RIS cansimultaneously transmit and reflect, thus providing a 360-degrees coverage. Inthis paper, we assume that transceivers may suffer from I/Q imbalance (IQI). Tocompensate for IQI, we employ IGS. Moreover, we employ RS to manage intracellinterference. We show that RIS can significantly improve the energy efficiency(EE) of the system when RIS components are carefully optimized. Additionally,we show that STAR-RIS can significantly outperform a regular RIS when theregular RIS cannot cover all the users. We also show that RS can highlyincrease the EE comparing to treating interference as noise.

Energy-efficient Rate Splitting for MIMO STAR-RIS-assisted Broadcast Channels with I/Q Imbalance