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This paper studies mobility systems that incorporate a substantial solarenergy component, generated not only on the ground, but also through solarroofs installed on vehicles, directly covering a portion of their energyconsumption. In particular, we focus on Solar-electric AutonomousMobility-on-Demand systems, whereby solar-electric autonomous vehicles provideon-demand mobility, and optimize their operation in terms of serving passengerrequests, charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operations. We model this fleetmanagement problem via directed acyclic graphs and parse it as a mixed-integerlinear program that can be solved using off-the-shelf solvers. We showcase ourframework in a case study of Gold Coast, Australia, analyzing the fleet'soptimal operation while accounting for electricity price fluctuations resultingfrom a significant integration of solar power in the total energy mix. Wedemonstrate that using a solar-electric fleet can reduce the total cost ofoperation of the fleet by 10-15% compared to an electric-only counterpart.Finally, we show that for V2G operations using vehicles with a larger batterysize can significantly lower the operational costs of the fleet,overcompensating its higher energy consumption by trading larger volumes ofenergy and even accruing profits.

Cost-optimal Fleet Management Strategies for Solar-electric Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Systems