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Plasma medicine is an emerging and innovative interdisciplinary researchfield combining biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and medicine.However, the safe clinical application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)technology is still a challenge. Here, we examine the use of aluminum (Al) foamwith three pores-per-inch (PPI) ratings in clinical plasma applications. Alfoams can filter sparks to avoid damage from high voltage discharge duringsurgery and efficiently deliver reactive species generated in CAP to thetarget. The sparks appear and plasma intensity increases at the foam/dischargeinterface, which just slightly increases the interface temperature withoutchanging the interface microstructure during a 30-minute treatment. After CAPpenetrated the Al foams, N2, N2+, *OH, O, and He emission peaks werecharacterized, and the highest values appeared using Al foams with 10 PPI. CAPwith and without Al foam intermediating was used to treat deionized water, andthe results indicate CAP in combination with 10 PPI Al foam led to much higherROS concentration than CAP alone. For melanoma cell experiments, CAP with andwithout Al foam had a similar effect on cell viability after 30-secondtreatment, while CAP with the 10-PPI Al foam had much higher killing efficiencythan CAP alone after 60-second treatment. In summary, 10-PPI Al foam can notonly prevent damage to tissues resulting from high discharge voltage duringclinical surgery but also increase the delivery efficiency of reactive speciesgenerated in plasma for biomedical applications.

Cold plasma treatment for biomedical applications: using aluminum foam to reduce risk while increasing efficacy