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Advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology have led to theirincreased utilization in various commercial and military applications. One suchapplication is signal source search and localization (SSSL) using UAVs, whichoffers significant benefits over traditional ground-based methods due toimproved RF signal reception at higher altitudes and inherent autonomous 3Dnavigation capabilities. Nevertheless, practical considerations such aspropagation models and antenna patterns are frequently neglected insimulation-based studies in the literature. In this work, we address theselimitations by using a two-ray channel model and a dipole antenna pattern todevelop a simulator that more closely represents real-world radio signalstrength (RSS) observations at a UAV. We then examine and compare theperformance of previously proposed linear least square (LLS) based localizationtechniques using UAVs for SSSL. Localization of radio frequency (RF) signalsources is assessed based on two main criteria: 1) achieving the highestpossible accuracy and 2) localizing the target as quickly as possible withreasonable accuracy. Various mission types, such as those requiring preciselocalization like identifying hostile troops, and those demanding rapidlocalization like search and rescue operations during disasters, have beenpreviously investigated. In this paper, the efficacy of the proposedlocalization approaches is examined based on these two main localizationrequirements through computer simulations.

RF SSSL by an Autonomous UAV with Two-Ray Channel Model and Dipole Antenna Patterns