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Auditory, haptic, and visual stimuli provide alerts, notifications, andinformation for a wide variety of applications ranging from virtual reality towearable and hand-held devices. Response times to these stimuli have been usedto assess motor control and design human-computer interaction systems. In thisstudy, we investigate human response times to 26 combinations of auditory,haptic, and visual stimuli at three levels (high, low, and off). We developedan iOS app that presents these stimuli in random intervals and records responsetimes on an iPhone 11. We conducted a user study with 20 participants and foundthat response time decreased with more types and higher levels of stimuli. Thelow visual condition had the slowest mean response time (mean +/- standarddeviation, 528 +/- 105 ms) and the condition with high levels of audio, haptic,and visual stimuli had the fastest mean response time (320 +/- 43 ms). Thiswork quantifies response times to multi-modal stimuli, identifies interactionsbetween different stimuli types and levels, and introduces an app-based methodthat can be widely distributed to measure response time. Understandingpreferences and response times for stimuli can provide insight into designingdevices for human-machine interaction.

Exploring Human Response Times to Combinations of Audio, Haptic, and Visual Stimuli from a Mobile Device