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The adoption of decentralized, tamper-proof ledger systems is paving the wayfor new applications and opportunities in different contexts. While mostresearch aims to improve their scalability, privacy, and governance issues,interoperability has received less attention. Executing transactions acrossvarious blockchains is notably instrumental in unlocking the potential of novelapplications, particularly in the financial sector, where their potential wouldotherwise be significantly diminished. Therefore, interoperable ledgers arecrucial to ensure the expansion and further adoption of such a technology invarious contexts.  In this paper, we present a protocol that uses a combination of trustedexecution environment (TEE) and blockchains to enable interoperability overindependent semi-centralized CBDC ledgers, guaranteeing the atomicity ofinter-bank transfers. Our interoperability protocol uses a custom adaptation ofatomic swap protocol and is executed by any pair of CBDC instances to realize aone-way transfer. It ensures features such as atomicity, verifiability,correctness, censorship resistance, and privacy while offering high scalabilityin terms of the number of CBDC instances. Our approach enables to possibledeployment scenarios that can be combined: (1) CBDC instances represent centralbanks of multiple countries, and (2) CBDC instances represent the set of retailbanks and a paramount central bank of a single country. We provide a detaileddescription of our protocol as well as an extensive analysis of its benefits,features, and security.  In this WIP paper, we made a proof-of-concept implementation and made apartial evaluation, while the more extensive evaluation will be made in ourfuture work.

CBDC-AquaSphere: Interoperable Central Bank Digital Currency Built on Trusted Computing and Blockchain