English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

In this study, we introduce BEoRN (Bubbles during the Epoch of ReionisationNumerical Simulator), a publicly available Python code that generatesthree-dimensional maps of the 21-cm signal from the cosmic dawn and the epochof reionisation. Built upon N-body simulation outputs, BEoRN populates haloeswith stars and galaxies based on a flexible source model. It then computes theevolution of Lyman-$\alpha$ coupling, temperature, and ionisation profiles as afunction of source properties, and paints these profiles around each sourceonto a three-dimensional grid. The code consistently deals with the overlap ofionised bubbles by redistributing photons around the bubble boundaries, therebyensuring photon conservation. It accounts for the redshifting of photons andthe source look-back effect for the temperature and Lyman-$\alpha$ couplingprofiles which extend far into the intergalactic medium to scales of order 100cMpc. We provide a detailed description of the code and compare it to resultsfrom the literature. After validation, we run three different benchmark modelsbased on a cosmological N-body simulation. All three models agree with currentobservations from UV luminosity functions and estimates of the mean ionisationfraction. Due to different assumptions regarding the small-mass stellar-to-halorelation, the X-ray flux emission, and the ionising photon escape fraction, themodels produce unique signatures ranging from a cold reionisation with deepabsorption trough to an emission-dominated 21-cm signal, broadly encompassingthe current uncertainties at cosmic dawn. The code BEoRN is publicly availableat https://github.com/cosmic-reionization/BEoRN.

BEoRN: A fast and flexible framework to simulate the epoch of reionisation and cosmic dawn