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FLASH Radiotherapy (RT) is a potentially new cancer radiotherapy techniquewhere an entire therapeutic dose is delivered in about 0.1 s and at ~1000 timeshigher dose rate than in conventional RT. For clinical trials to be conductedsafely, precise and fast beam monitoring that can generate an out-of-tolerancebeam interrupt is required. A FLASH Beam Scintillator Monitor (FBSM) is beingdeveloped based in part on two novel proprietary scintillator materials: anorganic polymeric material (PM) and inorganic hybrid (HM). The FBSM provideslarge area coverage, low mass profile, linear response over a broad dynamicrange, radiation tolerance, and real-time analysis IEC-compliant fastbeam-interrupt signal. This paper includes the design concept and test resultsfrom prototype devices in radiation beams that include heavy ions, low energyprotons at nA currents, FLASH level dose per pulse electron beams, and in ahospital radiotherapy clinic with electron beams. Results include imagequality, response linearity, radiation hardness, spatial resolution, andreal-time data processing. PM and HM scintillator exhibited no measurable dropin signal after a cumulative dose of 9 kGy and 20 kGy respectively. HM showed asmall -0.02%/kGy signal decrease after a 212 kGy cumulative dose resulting fromcontinuous exposure for 15 minutes at a high FLASH dose rate of 234 Gy/s. Thesetests established the linear response of the FBSM with respect to beamcurrents, dose per pulse, and material thickness. Comparison with commercialGafchromic film indicates that the FBSM produces a high resolution 2D beamimage and can reproduce a nearly identical beam profile, including primary beamtails. At 20 kfps or 50 microsec/frame, the real-time FPGA based computationand analysis of beam position, beam shape, and beam dose takes < 1 microsec.

A Scintillator Beam Monitor for Real-Time FLASH Radiotherapy