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We provide one of the most comprehensive metallicity studies at z ~ 4 byanalyzing the UV/optical HST photometry, and rest-frame VLT-FORS2 ultravioletand VLT-XSHOOTER optical spectra of J0332-3557, a gravitationally lensed galaxymagnified by a factor of 20. With a 5{\sigma} detection of the auroral O III]{\lambda}1666 line, we are able to derive a direct gas metallicity estimate forour target. We find Zgas = 12 + log(O/H) = 8.26 +/- 0.06, which is compatiblewith an increasing of both the gas fraction and the outflow metal loadingfactor from z ~ 0 to z ~ 4. J0332 is the most metal-rich individual galaxy at z> 3.6 for which the C/O ratio has been measured. We derive a low log(C/O)=-1.02 +/- 0.2, which suggests that J0332 is in the early stages of ISM carbonenrichment driven mostly by massive stars. The low C/O also indicates thatJ0332 is characterized by a low star formation efficiency, higher yields ofoxygen and longer burst duration. We find that the EW[C III]1906,9 is as low as~ 3 {\AA}. The main drivers of the low EW[C III]1906,9 are the higher gasmetallicity and the low C/O. J0332 is characterized by one diffuse and two morecompact regions ~ 1 kpc in size. We find that the carbon emission mostlyoriginates in the compact knots.

J0332-3557: A comprehensive metallicity analysis of a z~3.8 gravitationally lensed galaxy