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Strictly serializable datastores greatly simplify the development of correctapplications by providing strong consistency guarantees. However, existingtechniques pay unnecessary costs for naturally consistent transactions, whicharrive at servers in an order that is already strictly serializable. We findthese transactions are prevalent in datacenter workloads. We exploit thisnatural arrival order by executing transaction requests with minimal costswhile optimistically assuming they are naturally consistent, and then leveragea timestamp-based technique to efficiently verify if the execution is indeedconsistent. In the process of designing such a timestamp-based technique, weidentify a fundamental pitfall in relying on timestamps to provide strictserializability, and name it the timestamp-inversion pitfall. We findtimestamp-inversion has affected several existing works.  We present Natural Concurrency Control (NCC), a new concurrency controltechnique that guarantees strict serializability and ensures minimal costs --i.e., one-round latency, lock-free, and non-blocking execution -- in the best(and common) case by leveraging natural consistency. NCC is enabled by threekey components: non-blocking execution, decoupled response control, andtimestamp-based consistency check. NCC avoids timestamp-inversion with a newtechnique: response timing control, and proposes two optimization techniques,asynchrony-aware timestamps and smart retry, to reduce false aborts. Moreover,NCC designs a specialized protocol for read-only transactions, which is thefirst to achieve the optimal best-case performance while ensuring strictserializability, without relying on synchronized clocks. Our evaluation showsthat NCC outperforms state-of-the-art solutions by an order of magnitude onmany workloads.

NCC: Natural Concurrency Control for Strictly Serializable Datastores by Avoiding the Timestamp-Inversion Pitfall