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Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are being widely investigated as apotential low-cost and energy-efficient alternative to active relays forimproving coverage in next-generation cellular networks. However, technicalconstraints in the configuration of IRSs should be taken into account in thedesign of scheduling solutions and the assessment of their performance. To thisend, we examine an IRS-assisted time division multiple access (TDMA) cellularnetwork where the reconfiguration of the IRS incurs a communication cost; thus,we aim at limiting the number of reconfigurations over time. Along these lines,we propose a clustering-based heuristic scheduling scheme that maximizes thecell sum capacity, subject to a fixed number of reconfigurations within a TDMAframe. First, the best configuration of each user equipment (UE), in terms ofjoint beamforming and optimal IRS configuration, is determined using aniterative algorithm. Then, we propose different clustering techniques to dividethe UEs into subsets sharing the same sub-optimal IRS configuration, derivedthrough distance- and capacity-based algorithms. Finally, UEs within the samecluster are scheduled accordingly. We provide extensive numerical results fordifferent propagation scenarios, IRS sizes, and phase shifters quantizationconstraints, showing the effectiveness of our approach in supporting multi-userIRS systems with practical constraints.

Downlink Clustering-Based Scheduling of IRS-Assisted Communications With Reconfiguration Constraints