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When large-scale uncertain centralized and distributed renewable energysources are connected to a power system, separate dispatching of thetransmission power system (TPS) and the active distribution network (ADN) willlower the network security and frequency security of the system. To addressthese problems, this paper proposes a coordinated frequency-constrainedstochastic economic dispatch (CFC-SED) model for an integrated transmission anddistribution (ITD) system. In this model, the dynamic frequency securityconstraints and network security constraints of the ITD system are constructed,and the joint chance constraints are adopted to handle the uncertainty. Then,the control parameters of inverter-based resources, the base point power, andthe regulation reserve of all dispatchable resources in the ITD system arejointly optimized for the minimum operating cost. TPS and ADNs can deliver basepoint power bidirectionally and provide frequency regulation supportbidirectionally, which extend the existing reserve assumption in ITD dispatchand enhance the operational security of the ITD system. Moreover, based on thealternating direction of multiplier algorithm, a two-layer distributedoptimization framework is proposed to solve the CFC-SED model. Case studiesshow that the CFC-SED model can fully utilize the potential of multipleregulation resources to improve the security performance of the ITD system, andTPS and ADNs can be coordinated efficiently through the proposed distributedoptimization framework.

Coordinated Frequency-Constrained Stochastic Economic Dispatch for Integrated Transmission and Distribution System via Distributed Optimization