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During various stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries implemented diversevaccine management approaches, influenced by variations in infrastructure andsocio-economic conditions. This article provides a comprehensive overview ofoptimization models developed by the research community throughout the COVID-19era, aimed at enhancing vaccine distribution and establishing a standardizedframework for future pandemic preparedness. These models address criticalissues such as site selection, inventory management, allocation strategies,distribution logistics, and route optimization encountered during the COVID-19crisis. A unified framework is employed to describe the models, emphasizingtheir integration with epidemiological models to facilitate a holisticunderstanding. This article also summarizes evolving nature of literature,relevant research gaps, and authors' perspectives for model selection. Finally,future research scopes are detailed both in the context of modeling andsolutions approaches.

Optimization Modeling for Pandemic Vaccine Supply Chain Management: A Review and Future Research Opportunities