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The hard mathematical problems that assure the security of our currentpublic-key cryptography (RSA, ECC) are broken if and when a quantum computerappears rendering them ineffective for use in the quantum era. Lattice basedcryptography is a novel approach to public key cryptography, of which themathematical investigation (so far) resists attacks from quantum computers. Bychoosing a module learning with errors (MLWE) algorithm as the next standard,National Institute of Standard & Technology (NIST) follows this approach. Themultiplication of polynomials is the central bottleneck in the computation oflattice based cryptography. Because public key cryptography is mostly used toestablish common secret keys, focus is on compact area, power and energy budgetand to a lesser extent on throughput or latency. While most other work focuseson optimizing number theoretic transform (NTT) based multiplications, in thispaper we highly optimize a Toom-Cook based multiplier. We demonstrate that amemory-efficient striding Toom-Cook with lazy interpolation, results in ahighly compact, low power implementation, which on top enables a very regularmemory access scheme. To demonstrate the efficiency, we integrate thismultiplier into a Saber post-quantum accelerator, one of the four NISTfinalists. Algorithmic innovation to reduce active memory, timely clock gatingand shift-add multiplier has helped to achieve 38% less power than state-of-theart PQC core, 4x less memory, 36.8% reduction in multiplier energy and 118xreduction in active power with respect to state-of-the-art Saber accelerator(not silicon verified). This accelerator consumes 0.158mm2 active area which islowest reported till date despite process disadvantages of the state-of-the-artdesigns.

A 334$\mu$W 0.158mm$^2$ ASIC for Post-Quantum Key-Encapsulation Mechanism Saber with Low-latency Striding Toom-Cook Multiplication Authors Version