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Creep deformation in shale rocks is an important factor in many applications,such as the sustainability of geostructures, wellbore stability, evaluation ofland subsidence, CO2 storage, toxic waste containment, and hydraulicfracturing. One mechanism leading to this time-dependent deformation under aconstant load is the dissolution/formation processes accompanied bychemo-mechanical interactions with a reactive environment. Whendissolution/formation processes occur within the material phases, thedistribution of stress and strain within the material microstructure changes.In the case of the dissolution process, the stress carried by the dissolvingphase is distributed into neighboring voxels, which leads to furtherdeformation of the material. The aim of this study was to explore therelationship between the microstructural evolution and time-dependent creepbehavior of rocks subjected to chemo-mechanical loading. This work uses theexperimentally characterized microstructural and mechanical evolution of ashale rock induced by interactions with a reactive brine (CO2-rich brine) and anon-reactive brine (N2-rich brine) under high-pressure and high-temperatureconditions to compute the resulting time-dependent deformation using atime-stepping finite-element-based modeling approach. Sample microstructuresnapshots were obtained using segmented micro-CT images of the rock samplesbefore and after the reactions. Coupled nanoindentation/EDS provided spatialalteration of the mechanical properties of individual material phases due tothe dissolution and precipitation processes as a result of the chemo-mechanicalloading of the samples. The time-dependent mechanically informedmicrostructures were then incorporated into a mechanical model to calculate thecreep behavior caused by the dissolution/precipitation processes independent ofthe inherent viscous properties of the mineral phases.

An integrated experimental and computational framework for modeling creep behavior in shale rocks induced by chemo-mechanical loading