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Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two remote parties to share encryptionkeys with security based on the laws of physics. Continuous variable (CV) QKDwith coherent states and coherent detection integrates well with existingtelecommunication networks. However, thus far, long-distance CV-QKD has onlybeen demonstrated using a highly complex scheme where the local oscillator istransmitted, opening security loopholes for eavesdroppers and limiting itspotential applications. Here, we report a long-distance CV-QKD experiment witha locally generated local oscillator over a 100 km fiber channel with a totalloss of 15.4 dB. This record-breaking distance is achieved by controlling thephase-noise-induced excess noise through a machine-learning framework forcarrier recovery and optimizing the modulation variance. We implement the fullCV-QKD protocol and demonstrate the generation of keys secure againstcollective attacks in the finite-size regime. Our results mark a significantmilestone for realizing CV quantum access networks with a high loss budget, andpave the way for large-scale deployment of secure QKD.

Long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 100 km fiber with local local oscillator