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Understanding the spatio-temporal evolution of thermal gradient (G) at andvelocity (R) of the solid-liquid and liquid-vapor interfaces is critical forthe control of site-specific microstructures in additive manufacturing. In-situdynamic x-ray radiography (DXR) has been used in recent years to probe theevolution of R with high spatial and temporal resolutions. However, the currentmethods used to measure the temperature (and therefore, G) are inadequate forsub-melt-pool surface measurement (e.g. thermography) or have lower resolutionor limited field-of-view (e.g. x-ray diffraction). In this study, wedemonstrate a novel approach to estimate the sub-surface temperaturedistribution and its time evolution with significantly higher resolutions usingDXR data. This methodology uses the Beer-Lambert's law as a physical basis andis demonstrated using an in-situ laser spot-melting experiment on Ti-6Al-4Valloy.

Estimation of spatio-temporal temperature evolution during laser spot melting using in-situ dynamic x-ray radiography