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In multi-user multi-antenna communications, it is well-known in theory thatRate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) can achieve a higher spectral efficiencythan both Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) and Non-Orthogonal MultipleAccess (NOMA). However, an experimental evaluation of RSMA's performance,relative to SDMA and NOMA, is missing in the literature, which is essential toaddress the ongoing debate between RSMA and NOMA over which is better suited tohandle most efficiently the available resources and interference in 6G. In thispaper, we address this critical knowledge gap by realizing the first-ever RSMAprototype using software-defined radios. Through measurements using ourprototype, we empirically solve the modulation and coding scheme limited sumthroughput maximization problem for RSMA, SDMA and NOMA for the two-usermultiple-input single-output (MISO) scenario over (a) different pairs ofline-of-sight channels that vary in terms of their relative pathloss andspatial correlation, and with (b) different channel state information quality.We observe that RSMA achieves the highest sum throughput across all thesecases, whereas SDMA and NOMA are effective only in some cases. Furthermore,RSMA also achieves better fairness at a higher sum throughput than both SDMAand NOMA.

Rate-Splitting Multiple Access: The First Prototype and Experimental Validation of its Superiority over SDMA and NOMA