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The origin and distribution of lunar water are among the most importantissues in understanding the earth-moon system. After more than half a centuryof laboratory research and remote detection, only hydroxyl contained mineralsand lunar ice (H2O) are identified. Here we report the discovery of a hydrousmineral (NH4)MgCl3(H2O)6 in the lunar soil returned by Chang'e-5 mission, whichcontains 417,000 parts per million H2O. The determined structure andcomposition are similar to novograblenovite-a terrestrial fumarole mineralformed by reaction of hot basalt in water-rich volcanic gases, whereas themeasured isotope composition delta37Cl reached 20.4 parts per thousand, a highvalue that only found in lunar minerals. We rule out the possibility that thishydrate originated from terrestrial contaminants or rocket exhaust throughanalysis of its chemical, isotopic compositions as well as the formationconditions. Our finding indicates that water can exist on some parts of thesunlit Moon in the form of hydrate compounds. Moreover, this hydrate is rich inammonium, providing new information in understanding the origin of the Moon.

Discovery of a new lunar mineral rich in water and ammonium in lunar soils returned by Chang'e-5 mission