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Accessing the low-energy non-equilibrium dynamics of materials withsimultaneous spatial and temporal resolutions has been a bold frontier ofelectron microscopy in recent years. One of the main challenges is the abilityto retrieve extremely weak signals while simultaneously disentangling amplitudeand phase information. Here, we present an algorithm-based microscopy approachthat uses light-induced electron modulation to demonstrate the coherentamplification effect in electron imaging of optical near-fields. We provide asimultaneous time-, space-, and phase-resolved measurement in a micro-drum madefrom a hexagonal boron nitride membrane, visualizing the sub-cyclespatio-temporal dynamics of 2D polariton wavepackets therein. Thephase-resolved measurement reveals vortex-anti-vortex singularities on thepolariton wavefronts, together with an intriguing phenomenon of a travelingwave mimicking the amplitude profile of a standing wave. Our experiments show a20-fold coherent amplification of the near-field signal compared toconventional electron near-field imaging, resolving peak field intensities of~W/cm2 (field amplitude of few kV/m). As a result, our work opens a path towardspatio-temporal electron microscopy of biological specimens and quantummaterials - exciting yet sensitive samples, which are currently difficult toinvestigate.

Coherently amplified ultrafast imaging in a free-electron interferometer