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Children's well-being of immigrants is facing several challenges related tophysical, mental, and educational risks, which may obstacle human capitalaccumulation and further development. In rural China, due to the restriction ofHukou registration system, nearly 9 million left-behind children (LBC) are inlack of parental care and supervision in 2020 when their parents internallymigrate out for work. Through the systematic scoping review, this studyprovides a comprehensive literature summary and concludes the overall negativeeffects of parental migration on LBC's physical, mental (especially forleft-behind girls), and educational outcomes (especially for left-behind boys).Noticeably, both parents' and mother's migration may exacerbate LBC'sdisadvantages. Furthermore, remittance from migrants and more family-level andsocial support may help mitigate the negative influence. Finally, we putforward theoretical and realistic implications which may shed light onpotential research directions. Further studies, especially quantitativestudies, are needed to conduct a longitudinal survey, combine the ongoing Hukoureform in China, and simultaneously focus on left-behind children and migrantchildren.

A Scoping Review of Internal Migration and Left-behind Children's Wellbeing in China