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Among the many potential applications of topological insulator materials,their broad potential for the development of novel tunable plasmonics at THzand mid-infrared frequencies for quantum computing, terahertz detectors, andspintronic devices is particularly attractive. The required understanding ofthe intricate relationship between nanoscale crystal structure and theproperties of the resulting plasmonic resonances remains, however, elusive forthese materials. Specifically, edge- and surface-induced plasmonic resonances,and other collective excitations, are often buried beneath the continuum ofelectronic transitions, making it difficult to isolate and interpret thesesignals using techniques such as electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Herewe focus on the experimentally clean energy-gain EELS region to characterisecollective excitations in the topologically insulating material Bi$_2$Te$_3$and correlate them with the underlying crystalline structure with nanoscaleresolution. We identify with high significance the presence of a distinctenergy-gain peak around -0.8 eV, with spatially-resolved maps revealing thatits intensity is markedly enhanced at the edge regions of the specimen. Ourfindings illustrate the reach of energy-gain EELS analyses to accurately mapcollective excitations in quantum materials, a key asset in the quest towardsnew tunable plasmonic devices.

Edge-Induced Excitations in Bi$_2$Te$_3$ from Spatially-Resolved Electron Energy-Gain Spectroscopy