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Cosmic-ray (CR) antiparticles have the potential to reveal signatures ofunexpected astrophysical processes and even new physics beyond the StandardModel. Recent CR detectors have provided accurate measurements of the positronflux, revealing the so-called positron excess at high energies. However, theuncertainties related to the modelling of the local positron flux are stillvery high, significantly affecting our models of positron emission from pulsarsand current dark matter searches.  In this work, we report a new set of cross sections for positron and electronproduction derived from the {\tt FLUKA} code. We compare them with the mostextended cross-section data-sets and show the impact of neglecting the positronproduction from heavy CRs. Then, we review the most significant sources ofuncertainties in our current estimations of the secondary positron flux atEarth and examine for the first time the impact of considering the spiral armstructure of the Galaxy in these estimations. Finally, we providestate-of-the-art predictions of the local positron flux and discuss thelimitations of our dark matter searches with positrons and difficulties todetermine the contribution from pulsars to the positron flux at low energies.

The FLUKA cross sections for cosmic-ray leptons and uncertainties on current positron predictions