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In the future 6G integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) cellularsystems, networked sensing is a promising technique that can leverage thecooperation among the base stations (BSs) to perform high-resolutionlocalization. However, a dense deployment of BSs to fully reap the networkedsensing gain is not a cost-efficient solution in practice. Motivated by theadvance in the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) technology for 6Gcommunication, this paper examines the feasibility of deploying the low-costIRSs to enhance the anchor density for networked sensing. Specifically, wepropose a novel heterogeneous networked sensing architecture, which consists ofboth the active anchors, i.e., the BSs, and the passive anchors, i.e., theIRSs. Under this framework, the BSs emit the orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) communication signals in the downlink for localizing thetargets based on their echoes reflected via/not via the IRSs. However, thereare two challenges for using passive anchors in localization. First, it isimpossible to utilize the round-trip signal between a passive IRS and a passivetarget for estimating their distance. Second, before localizing a target, we donot know which IRS is closest to it and serves as its anchor. In this paper, weshow that the distance between a target and its associated IRS can beindirectly estimated based on the length of the BS-target-BS path and theBS-target-IRS-BS path. Moreover, we propose an efficient data associationmethod to match each target to its associated IRS. Numerical results are givento validate the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed heterogeneousnetworked sensing architecture with both active and passive anchors.

A Heterogeneous 6G Networked Sensing Architecture with Active and Passive Anchors