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Dynamical systems for kinetic energy harvesting have recently been designedthat use nonlinear mechanical resonators and corresponding transducers tocreate electrical output. Nonlinearities are important for providing abroadband input frequency efficiency, which is necessary to ensure that theoutput voltage is at a satisfactory level in the case of a variable ambientvibration source. In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of such a system withthe additional possibility of a switching potential barrier in the nonlinearresonator. In order to improve the effectiveness of the energy harvester, wenumerically test the possibility of using abrupt changes in the systemparameters. We analyze the voltage output for various frequencies of both theharmonic excitations and the potential barrier switching. In a range thatincludes low and high switching frequencies of potentials, the periodicsolutions dominate in the bifurcation diagrams. With regard to the largeswitching frequency, the effective values of the voltage at the piezoelectricelectrodes are significantly reduced. The highest effective values of thevoltage that are induced at the piezoelectric electrodes are observed when thechaotic solutions appear due to their specific ability to pass the potentialbarrier for relatively small excitation. The results also show that mechanicaldamping with high-enough magnitudes minimize the influence of the transientstates caused by the switching potentials.

Influence of the potential barrier switching frequency on the effectiveness of energy harvesting