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Red blood cells (RBCs) are vital for transporting oxygen from the lungs tothe body's tissues through the intricate circulatory system. They achieve thisby binding and releasing oxygen molecules to the abundant hemoglobin withintheir cytosol. The volume of RBCs affects the amount of oxygen they can carry,yet whether this volume is optimal for transporting oxygen through thecirculatory system remains an open question. This study explores, throughhigh-fidelity numerical simulations, the impact of RBC volume on advectveoxygen transport efficiency through arterioles which form the area of greatestflow resistance in the circulatory system. The results show that, strikingly,RBCs with volumes similar to those found in vivo are most efficient totransport oxygen through arterioles. The flow resistance is related to thecell-free layer thickness, which is influenced by the shape and the motion ofthe RBCs: at low volumes RBCs deform and fold while at high volumes RBCscollide and follow more diffuse trajectories. In contrast, RBCs with a healthyvolume maximize the cell-free layer thickness, resulting in a more efficientadvectve transport of oxygen.

The Volume of Healthy Red Blood Cells is Optimal for Advective Oxygen Transport in Arterioles