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Structure-property relationships in ordered materials have long been a coreprinciple in materials design. However, the intentional introduction ofdisorder into materials provides structural flexibility and thus access tomaterial properties that are not attainable in conventional, ordered materials.To understand disorder-property relationships, the disorder - i.e., the localordering principles - must be quantified. Correlated disorder can be probedexperimentally by diffuse scattering. The analysis is notoriously difficult,especially if only powder samples are available. Here, we combine theadvantages of three-dimensional electron diffraction - a method that allowssingle crystal diffraction measurements on sub-micron sized crystals - andthree-dimensional difference pair distribution function analysis(3D-{\Delta}PDF) to address this problem. 3D-{\Delta}PDFs visualise andquantify local deviations from the average structure and enable astraightforward interpretation of the single crystal diffuse scattering data interms of a three-dimensional local order model. Comparison of the3D-{\Delta}PDF from electron diffraction data with those obtained from neutronand x-ray experiments of yttria-stabilized zirconia demonstrates thereliability of the newly proposed approach.

Quantitative three-dimensional local order analysis of nanomaterials through electron diffraction