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Charge separation at moving three-phase contact lines is observed in natureas well as technological processes. Despite the growing number of experimentalinvestigations in recent years, the physical mechanism behind the chargingremains obscure. Here we identify the origin of charge separation as thedewetting of the bound surface charge within the electric double layer by thereceding contact line. This charge depends strongly on the local electricdouble layer structure close to the contact line, which is affected by thegas-liquid interface and the internal flow of the liquid. We summarize thecharge separation mechanism in an analytical model that captures parametricdependencies in agreement with our experiments and numerical simulations.Charge separation increases with increasing contact angle and decreases withincreasing dewetting velocity. Our findings reveal the universal mechanism ofcharge separation at receding contact lines, relevant to many dynamic wettingscenarios, and provide a theoretical foundation for both fundamental questions,like contact angle hysteresis, and practical applications.

How charges separate when surfaces are dewetted