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In this article, we investigate the real-world capability of the multi-linkoperation (MLO) framework -- one of the key MAC-layer features included in theIEEE 802.11be amendment -- by using a large dataset containing 5 GHz spectrumoccupancy measurements on multiple channels. Our results show that when bothavailable links are often busy, as is the case in ultra-dense and crowdedscenarios, MLO attains the highest throughput gains over single-link operation(SLO) since it is able to leverage multiple intermittent transmissionopportunities. As for latency, if the two links exhibit statistically the samelevel of occupancy, MLO can outperform SLO by one order of magnitude. Incontrast, in asymmetrically occupied links, MLO can sometimes be detrimentaland even increase latency. We study this somewhat unexpected phenomenon, andfind its origins to be packets suboptimally mapped to either link beforecarrying out the backoff, with the latter likely to be interrupted on thebusier link. We cross validate our study with real-time traffic generated by acloud gaming application and quantify MLO's benefits for latency-sensitiveapplications.

Wi-Fi Multi-Link Operation: An Experimental Study of Latency and Throughput