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In the Halo21 absorption modeling challenge we generated synthetic absorptionspectra of the circumgalactic medium (CGM), and attempted to estimate themetallicity, temperature, and density (Z, T, and nH) of the underlying gasusing observational methods. We iteratively generated and analyzed threeincreasingly-complex data samples: ion column densities of isolated uniformclouds, mock spectra of 1--3 uniform clouds, and mock spectra ofhigh-resolution turbulent mixing zones. We found that the observationalestimates were accurate for both uniform cloud samples, with Z, T, and nHretrieved within 0.1 dex of the source value for >90% of absorption systems. Inthe turbulent-mixing scenario, the mass, temperature, and metallicity of thestrongest absorption components were also retrieved with high accuracy.However, the underlying properties of the subdominant components were poorlyconstrained because the corresponding simulated gas contributed only weakly tothe H I absorption profiles. On the other hand, including additional componentsbeyond the dominant ones did improve the fit, consistent with the trueexistence of complex cloud structures in the source data.

The Halo21 Absorption Modeling Challenge: Lessons From "Observing" Synthetic Circumgalactic Absorption Spectra