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Superconducting niobium serves as a key enabling material for superconductingradio frequency (SRF) technology as well as quantum computing devices. At roomtemperature, hydrogen commonly occupies tetragonal sites in the Nb lattice asmetal (M)-gas (H) phase. When the temperature is decreased, however, solidsolution of Nb-H starts to be precipitated. In this study, we show the firstidentified topographical features associated with nanometer-size hydride phase(Nb1-xHx) precipitates on metallic superconducting niobium usingcryogenic-atomic force microscopy (AFM). Further, high energy grazing incidenceX-ray diffraction reveals information regarding the structure and stoichiometrythat these precipitates exhibit. Finally, through time-of-flight secondary ionmass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), we are able to locate atomic hydrogen sourcesnear the top surface. This systematic study further explains localizeddegradation of RF superconductivity by the proximity effect due to hydrogenclusters.

First Direct Observation of Nanometer size Hydride Precipitations on Superconducting Niobium