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Materials synthesis in a microfluidic environment enables the flexible andcontrollable production of various types of nanostructures which are of greatpotential in the fields of chemistry, environmental science, bioengineering,and medicine. Here, we demonstrate on-chip simultaneous continuous-flowsynthesis and in-situ spectrum diagnosis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterialsusing a femtosecond-fabricated three-dimensional microchannel reactorintegrated with an array of optical fiber probes. The microchannel reactorincluding 3D concentration gradient generators followed by 3D micromixing unitsprovides high-efficiency manipulation of reactants with differentconcentrations as well as parallel reaction dynamics in an autonomous manner.The integrated optical fiber probe array allows precise and parallel spectropicdetection in different microchannels with high spatial and temporal resolutionsfor screening the synthetic conditions. The synthesized ZnO nanostructures canbe tailored in size, shape, and morphology by tuning the flow rates andreactant concentrations based on the spectroscopic signals detected with thefiber probe array.

Real-time spectroscopic monitoring of continuous synthesis of zinc oxide  nanostructures in femtosecond laser fabricated 3D microfluidic microchannels  with integrated on-chip fiber probe array