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Recently, long and slender living worms have garnered significant interestbecause of their impressive ability to exhibit diverse emergent behaviors inhighly entangled physical and topological conditions. These worms can form anactive viscoelastic, three-dimensional soft entity known as the 'blob', whichcan behave like a solid, flow like a liquid, and even respond to externalstimuli such as light to locomote or change shape. To understand the behaviorof the blob, it is crucial to consider the high degree of conformationalentanglement that individual units can achieve because of their high aspectratio and tunable activity. This topologically active collective necessitatesreevaluating established soft matter concepts in polymer physics to advance thedevelopment of active polymer-like materials. Our understanding of the complexemergent dynamics of the worm blob promises to catalyze further research intothe behavior of entangled active polymers and guide the design of synthetictopological active matter and bioinspired tangling soft robot collectives.

Worm Blobs as Entangled Living Polymers: From Topological Active Matter to Flexible Soft Robot Collectives