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Aerobreakup of drops is a fundamental two-phase flow problem that isessential to many spray applications. A parametric numerical study wasperformed by varying the gas stream velocity, focusing on the regime ofmoderate Weber numbers, in which the drop deforms to a forward bag. When thebag is unstable, it inflates and disintegrates into small droplets. Detailednumerical simulations were conducted using the volume-of-fluid method on anadaptive octree mesh to investigate the aerobreakup dynamics. Grid-refinementstudies show that converged 3D simulation results for drop deformation and bagformation are achieved by the refinement level equivalent to 512 cells acrossthe initial drop diameter. To resolve the thin liquid sheet when the baginflates, the mesh is further refined to 2048 cells across the initial dropdiameter. The simulation results for the drop length and radius were validatedagainst previous experiments, and a good agreement was achieved. Thehigh-resolution results of drop morphological evolution were used to identifythe different phases in the aerobreakup process, characterize the distinct flowfeatures and dominant mechanisms in each phase. In the early time, the dropdeformation and velocity are independent of the Weber number, and a newinternal-flow deformation model, which respects this asymptotic limit, has beendeveloped. The pressure and velocity fields around the drop were shown tobetter understand the internal flow and interfacial instability that dictatethe drop deformation. Finally, the impact of drop deformation on the dropdynamics was discussed.

Detailed numerical investigation of the drop aerobreakup in the bag breakup regime