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Online games with modifiable virtual environments (MVEs) have become highlypopular over the past decade. Among them, Minecraft -- supporting hundreds ofmillions of users -- is the best-selling game of all time, and is increasinglyoffered as a service. Although Minecraft is architected as a distributedsystem, in production it achieves this scale by partitioning small groups ofplayers over isolated game instances. From the approaches that can help otherkinds of virtual worlds scale, none is designed to scale MVEs, which pose aunique challenge -- a mix between the count and complexity of active in-gameconstructs, player-created in-game programs, and strict quality of service.Serverless computing emerged recently and focuses, among others, on servicescalability. Thus, addressing this challenge, in this work we explore usingserverless computing to improve MVE scalability. To this end, we design,prototype, and evaluate experimentally Servo, a serverless backend architecturefor MVEs. We implement Servo as a prototype and evaluate it using real-worldexperiments on two commercial serverless platforms, of Amazon Web Services(AWS) and Microsoft Azure. Results offer strong support that our serverless MVEcan significantly increase the number of supported players per instance withoutperformance degradation, in our key experiment by 40 to 140 players perinstance, which is a significant improvement over state-of-the-art commercialand open-source alternatives. We release Servo as open-source, on Github:https://github.com/atlarge-research/opencraft

Servo: Increasing the Scalability of Modifiable Virtual Environments Using Serverless Computing -- Extended Technical Report