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Laws that govern land acquisition can lock in old paradigms. We study onesuch case, the Coal Bearing Areas Act of 1957 (CBAA) which provides minimalsocial and environmental safegaurds, and deviates in important ways from theRight to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitationand Resettlement Act 2013 (LARR). The lack of due diligence protocol in theCBAA confers an undue comparative advantage to coal development, which isinconsistent with India's stance to phase down coal use, reduce air pollution,and advance modern sources of energy. We argue that the premise under which theCBAA was historically justified is no longer valid due to a significant changein the local context. Namely, the environmental and social costs of coal energyare far more salient and the market has cleaner energy alternatives that arecost competitive. We recommend updating land acquisition laws to bring coalunder the general purview of LARR or, at minimum, amending the CBAA to ensureadequate environmental and social safeguards are in place, both in letter andpractice.

Greening our Laws: Revising Land Acquisition Law for Coal Mining in India