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Flexible strain gauges with 88% optical transmittance, of reduced grapheneoxide (rGO) on poly dimethylsiloxne membranes, are produced form monolayers ofgraphene oxide assembled into densely packed sheets at an immisciblehexane/water interface and subsequently reduced in HI vapor to increaseelectrical conductivity. Pre-straining and relaxing the membranes introduces apopulation of cracks into the rGO film. Subsequent straining opens thesecracks, inducing piezoresistivity. Reduction for 30 s forms an array ofparallel cracks that do not individually span the membrane and results in astrain gauge with a usable strain range > 0.2 and gauge factor of 20 - 100 atlow strain levels that increases with increasing pre-strain. In all cases thegauge facto decreases with increasing applied strain and asymptotes to a valueof about 3, as it approaches the pre-strain value. If the rGO is reduced for 60s, the cracks fully span the width of the membrane, leading to an increasedgauge resistance but a much more sensitive strain gauge with GF ranging from1000 - 16000. However, the usable strain range reduces to < 0.01. A simpleequivalent resistor model is proposed to describe the behaviour of both gaugetypes. The gauges show a repeatable and stable response with loadingfrequencies up to 1 kHz and have been used to detect human body motion in asimple e-skin demonstration.

Graphene-Based Transparent Flexible Strain Gauges with Tunable Sensitivity and Strain Range