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Traditional solid-state physics has long correlated the optical properties ofmaterials with their electronic structures. However, recent discoveries ofintrinsic gapped metals have challenged this classical view. Gapped metalspossess electronic properties distinct from both metals and insulators, with alarge concentration of free carriers without any intentional doping and aninternal band gap. This unique electronic structure makes gapped metalspotentially superior to materials designed by intentional doping of the wideband gap insulators. Despite their promising applications, such as transparentconductors, designing gapped metals for specific purposes remains challengingdue to the lack of understanding of the correlation between their electronicband structures and optical properties. This study focuses on representativeexamples of gapped metals and demonstrates the cases of (i) gapped metals(e.g., CaN2) with strong intraband absorption in the visible range, (ii) gappedmetals (e.g., SrNbO3) with strong interband absorption in the visible range,(iii) gapped metals (e.g., Sr5Nb5O17) that are potential transparentconductors. We explore the complexity of identifying potential gapped metalsfor transparent conductors and propose inverse materials design principles fordiscovering new-generation transparent conductors.

Optical Properties and Electronic Structures of Intrinsic Gapped Metals: Inverse Materials Design Principles for Transparent Conductors