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One of the most notable features in repulsive particle based active mattersystems is motility-induced-phase separation (MIPS) where a dense, oftencrystalline phase coexists with a low density fluid. In most active matterstudies, the activity is kept constant as a function of time; however, thereare many examples of active systems in which individual particles transitionfrom living or moving to dead or nonmotile due to lack of fuel, infection, orpoisoning. Here we consider an active matter particle system at densities whereMIPS does not occur. When we add a small number of infected particles that caneffectively poison other particles, rendering them nonmotile, we find a richvariety of time dependent pattern formation, including MIPS, a wetting phase,and a fragmented state formed when mobile particles plow through an nonmotilepacking. We map out the patterns as a function of time scaled by the durationof the epidemic, and show that the pattern formation is robust for a wide rangeof poisoning rates and activity levels. We also show that pattern formationdoes not occur in a random death model, but requires the promotion ofnucleation by contact poisoning. Our results should be relevant to biologicaland active matter systems where there is some form of poisoning, death, ortransition to nonmotility.

Transient Pattern Formation in an Active Matter Contact Poisoning Model