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Modern power systems are characterized by low inertia and fast voltagedynamics due to the increase of sources connecting via power electronics andthe removal of large traditional thermal generators. Power electronics arecommonly equipped with fast controllers that are able to reach a desiredvoltage setpoint within seconds. In this paper, we propose and compare twoapproaches using Model Predictive Control (MPC) to compute optimal voltagereferences for the power electronic devices in order to minimize the losses ina DC microgrid: i) a traditional setpoint-tracking MPC which receives apreviously computed optimal setpoint; ii) an economic MPC which does notrequire a priori computed setpoints. We show that the economic MPC outperformsthe setpoint-tracking MPC in simulations with the CIGRE benchmark system whenmultiple load disturbances occur. Some insights and discussions related to thestability of the closed-loop system using its dissipativity properties arehighlighted for both approaches.

On MPC-based Strategies for Optimal Voltage References in DC Microgrids